4 - (SYM 74) Constructive Communication in the Digital Space: Examining the Impact of a Reflective Mindfulness-based Practice on Text Messages

Background: Research has identified adaptive and maladaptive communication patterns that influence personal and relational well-being. Despite the ascendance of text-based communication, little is known about how these taxonomies generalize to digital communication. This research has particular urgency for emerging adult women, given the affinity for texting in this age group and established associations between women’s digital communication and health. This study had two aims: 1) to identify common forms of maladaptive communication manifest in text messages and 2) to identify adaptive alternatives (adopted in response to a brief mindfulness intervention).

Methods: 71 Black women aged 18-29 enrolled in a pilot RCT testing a 21-day mindfulness-based intervention delivered via smart-phone application. The texting intervention had 3 steps: 1) initial message composition; 2) a mindfulness activity and reflection questions; 3) the option to edit (or not send) the message. Analyses proceeded in two phases. In Phase 1, coders utilized a deductive strategy to examine edited messages for (1) improvement after intervention and (2) fit with Gottman’s Four Horsemen taxonomy of communication errors and associated antidotes. In Phase 2, coders utilized an inductive strategy to capture aspects of communication not represented in Gottman’s taxonomy.

Results: The majority (62 of 80; 77%) of edited messages improved in quality. In 16 (26%), the initial message matched Gottman’s Horsemen and was modified to a known antidote. In 17 (27.9%), the initial message was neutral and was modified to a known antidote (n=17; 27.9%). A plurality (n=28; 45.9%) improved in ways not described by Gottman. These changes were characterized by the following improvements: (1) more explanatory; (2) more direct and clear; (3) more open and honest; (4) more appreciative; (5) more empathetic and understanding; (6) calmer and more contained; (7) problem-solving or future orientated; and (8) boundary setting.

Conclusion: Established communication theory was relevant to text messages examined. In addition to evidence of Gottman’s errors and antidotes, novel manifestations of adaptive communication aligned with Christiansen’s assertion that constructive communication comprises mutual discussion, expression, and negotiation. Mindfulness during a text exchange may mitigate impulsive, emotion-based responses and catalyze more constructive, goal-directed communication.